A que se deve a queda de 10% na mortalidade (Fuvest 2014)

To live the longest and healthiest life possible, get smarter. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data show that past a certain threshold, health and wealth are just weakly correlated. However, overall health is closely tied to how many years people spend in school. Mexico, for instance, has a fifth the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States, but, for women, more than 50 percent of the latter’s schooling. In line with the trend, Mexico’s female adult mortality rate is only narrowly higher. Vietnam and Yemen have roughly equivalent per capita GDP. Yet Vietnamese women average 6.3 more years in school and are half as likely to die between the ages of 15 and 60. “Economic growth is also significantly associated with child mortality reductions, but the magnitude of the association is much smaller than that of increased education,” comments Emmanuela Gakidou, IHME’s director of education and training. “One year of schooling gives you about 10 percent lower mortality rates, whereas with a 10 percent increase in GDP, your mortality rate would go down only by 1 to 2 percent.”
Discover, May 31, 2013. Adaptado.

Fonte: Discover, 2013-05-31.

De acordo com o texto, “about 10 percent lower mortality rates” é resultado de

A) “10 percent increase in GDP”.
B) “child mortality reductions”.
C) “equivalent per capita GDP”.
D) “economic growth”.
E) “one year of schooling”.

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Resposta correta: E

A questão pede a causa do trecho destacado, e a própria frase entrega: "One year of schooling gives you about 10 percent lower mortality rates, whereas with a 10 percent increase in GDP, your mortality rate would go down only by 1 to 2 percent". Quem "dá" os 10% de queda é "one year of schooling", alternativa E. As letras A e D são as armadilhas: os números ligados ao PIB e ao crescimento econômico estão na mesma frase, mas do outro lado do "whereas", que marca contraste — o aumento de 10% no PIB produz queda de apenas 1 a 2%. A letra B inverte a direção da relação: a redução da mortalidade infantil é um efeito citado, não a causa dos 10%. A letra C repete a informação de que Vietnã e Iêmen têm PIB per capita equivalente, dado usado justamente para mostrar que o PIB não explica a diferença entre os dois países.

A que se deve a queda de 10% na mortalidade (Fuvest 2014)

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