• Nível C1
• Interpretação de texto
• Aparência, avatares e comportamento
• artigo de divulgacao cientifica
• ITA
• 2011

O efeito Proteus: aparência e comportamento (ITA 2011)

Our Imaginary, Hotter Selves

Avatars might serve therapeutic purposes, helping those with social phobia become more confident.

by Sharon Begley

1 Anyone who has ever had a bad hair day, when looking like a latter-day Medusa makes you feel cranky and antisocial and plodding, can sympathize with the Oakland Raiders - and not because the players get helmet hair. The Raiders alternated between mostly black and mostly white uniforms, depending on whether they were playing at home or away. Knowing that appearance affects people's mood and outlook, psychologists wondered whether uniform color influenced the Raiders' aggressiveness. Using

5 data from the 1970s and 1980s, they found that the team racked up way more penalty yards - a measure of aggression - when they wore black than when they wore white, for infractions both minor (encroachment) and major (roughing the kicker). The pattern held even when the scientists took into account different conditions and styles of play at home and away. But while the 1988 finding has become a classic in psychology, the explanation remains controversial. Do referees, because of black's cultural baggage, see black-clad players as meaner and badder than those in, say, baby blue? Or does wearing black make players see themselves as

10 tougher and meaner - and therefore cause them to play that way? Jeremy Bailenson and Nick Yee of Stanford University had this and other classic studies in mind when they started wondering about the effect of being able to alter one's appearance. They weren't going to study wardrobe choices, however. Their quarry is avatars, digital representations of players in such games as Second Life. "Your physical appearance changes how people treat you," says Bailenson. "But independent of that, when you perceive yourself in a certain way, you act differently." He and Yee call it

15 "the Proteus effect," after the shape-changing Greek god. The effect of appearance on behavior, they find, carries over from the virtual world to the real one, with intriguing consequences. (…)

http://www.newsweek.com. Acesso em 5/6/2010.

Fonte: Newsweek, acesso em 05/06/2010.

Assinale a opção CORRETA.

1. A A) Os estudiosos da Universidade de Stanford não consideraram, em seus experimentos, a descoberta realizada em 1988, cuja explicação ainda é controversa.
2. B B) Psicólogos ainda questionam se, de fato, a aparência afeta o humor e opinião das pessoas.
3. C C) Jeremy Bailenson e Nick Yee afirmam que a aparência transforma o modo como as pessoas nos tratam e disso depende a maneira como percebemos a nós mesmos.
4. D D) A aparência física afeta o comportamento das pessoas e traz consequências para o mundo real e não apenas para o virtual.
5. E E) O foco dos estudiosos está no figurino dos avatares e no modo como isso afeta a agressividade dos jogadores.