Effective + -ness: formação de palavras em “Bullying and Empathy” (ITA 2012)
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2010. Newsweek Article: Bullying and Empathy (Kate Altman, M.S.)
Newsweek offers an article on how schools are using empathy- training programs in an effort to reduce bullying in schools: http://www.newsweek.com/2010/12/15/can-schools-teach-kids- not-to-bully.html
1 The effective_____ of such programs is unclear at this point,
and experts are divided on whether it makes more sense to offer the
programs to young children (elementary school age) or older children
(middle school age) (both, is probably the answer). High school kids
5 are simply difficult to reach logistically, since they all have different
schedules all day. Unsurprisingly, some experts have found that the
most important component to empathy training is to include the
parents.
In assessing these programs and the broader issues of
10 empathy-training and bullying, there are multiple factors to consider
and no clear answers. First of all, empathy is one of the most difficult
and least-understood skills we can develop – adults and kids alike.
Empathy is the process of viewing and understanding the world
through another’s experience, and it is often confused with sympathy,
15 which is, essentially, compassion and lacks the “walking in another’s
shoes” component (which is not to say it is not an admirable trait, it’s
just different from empathy). Developmentally, children may not be
able to truly understand and practice empathy until they are closer to
the pre-teen years, but introducing the concept early and often is a
20 good primer for its later development.
Another big question to consider: are programs focused on
empathy simply band-aids on much larger, more systemic problems?
Why are kids bullying other kids in the first place? What family issues,
societal issues, educational issues, are contributing to the need/urge
25 to humiliate and attack other children for some sort of personal gain
and satisfaction? My guess is that for many kids, participating in a
brief (or even a few brief) empathy-skills seminars simply is not
enough, and will not get at the root(s) of the problems(s), no matter
how young they are when the programs begin.
30 I’m not saying that the programs are not a good idea. I
imagine that they have a lot of benefits and could especially help kids
who would not necessarily be bullies themselves, but may have
quietly stood by while witnessing bullying, to become more confident
about standing up to/reporting bullies. However, to truly reduce
35 bullying, society and schools need to find ways to identify and work
with aggressive children and their families from a young age — to
troubleshoot factors (from not having basic needs met, to divorce, to
models of aggression in the home, etc.) that contribute to triggering
aggressive behavior. Such an approach would be expensive and time-
40 consuming and would command a lot of schools’ resources, but it is
hard to imagine a more lightweight approach being nearly as effective.
Para estar adequada ao contexto em que aparece, a palavra effective (linha 1), deve ser acrescida de
- A) fully.
- B) by.
- C) ness.
- D) ful.
- E) lessly.