ITA 2011 – questão 3: o efeito da TV a cabo sobre as mulheres na Índia
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TV Will Save the World
In a lot of places, it's the next big thing
BY CHARLES KENNY
Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Forget the latest sleek iGadget. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed, for many of the poorest regions of the world, it remains the next big thing—poised, finally, to attain truly global ubiquity. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.
Across the developing world, around 45% of households had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That's some way behind the U.S., where there are more TVs than people, but it dwarfs worldwide Internet access. Five million more households in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban, which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013—pushing the numbers to well beyond two-thirds of households.
Television's most transformative impact will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when cable TV reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands' permission and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care and less likely to think that men had the right to beat their wives. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a hugely popular show that plays Bollywood song and dance clips. The routines are subtitled in Gujarati. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant improvement in their reading skills.
Too much TV has been associated with violence, obesity and social isolation. But TV is having a positive impact on the lives of billions worldwide, and as the spread of mobile TV, video cameras and YouTube democratize both access and content, it will become an even greater force for humbling tyrannical governments and tyrannical husbands alike.
Kenny, a development economist, is the author of a forthcoming book on innovation, ideas and the global standard of living
TIME, March 22, 2010.
[Descrição visual: reprodução fotográfica da página 45 da revista TIME. No alto da página há uma ilustração/fotografia de uma escultura de papel e arame: um aparelho de televisão antigo, com antenas em V, apoiado sobre duas pernas humanas desenhadas; dentro da tela aparece o desenho de um homem de gravata que estende o braço para fora da moldura da TV, segurando na mão um pequeno globo terrestre. A peça é assinada "Bloch". Abaixo da imagem vem o número da seção "8" em quadro cinza, o título "TV Will Save the World", a linha fina e a assinatura do autor; o corpo do artigo está diagramado em duas colunas, com a inicial "F" em capitular e as primeiras palavras em versalete. O número de página 45 aparece no canto inferior direito.]](/uploads/ita-2011-ingles-q1-3.png)
Fonte: Time, 2010-03-22.
Segundo o texto, um dos impactos que a TV a cabo trouxe para a vida das mulheres indianas foi que elas
- A) passaram a gostar de ir ao mercado sem a permissão de seus maridos.
- B) ficaram menos propensas a preferir ter um filho a uma filha.
- C) se mostraram mais dispostas a fazer compras sozinhas.
- D) ainda acham que os maridos têm o direito de agredir suas esposas, apesar de já criticarem esta prática.
- E) não gostam mais de tomar decisões sobre os cuidados com a saúde das crianças.