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One Justification at a Time: o zoológico e seus argumentos sucessivos (C1)

Zoos have survived by changing their reason for existing roughly once a generation. They began as displays of dominion — proof that a ruler could hold the far edges of the world behind a fence. When that became embarrassing, they became educational. When the classroom argument weakened, they became arks, and the language shifted to breeding programmes, genetic reserves and reintroduction, which is a serious argument seriously pursued by serious people. It is also, conveniently, an argument that requires the enclosures to remain. I do not think this is cynicism; institutions rarely lie so deliberately. They simply notice which justification is still standing and lean on it. The uncomfortable part is that the newest defence may be true. Some species do persist only because a fence exists, and a person who has never seen a large animal breathing will find it harder to care about one. Both things can hold at once, and the visitor is left paying admission to a contradiction nobody has resolved.

Fonte: English for ALL (texto original).

Segundo o autor, a sucessão de justificativas adotadas pelos zoológicos

  1. A) revela uma estratégia deliberada de manipulação do público, mantida ao longo de gerações por administradores conscientes da fragilidade de seus argumentos.
  2. B) demonstra que a função educativa foi a única justificativa historicamente legítima, tendo sido abandonada por razões de conveniência financeira.
  3. C) indica que a defesa conservacionista é apenas retórica, já que os programas de reprodução não produzem resultados verificáveis fora dos recintos.
  4. D) comprova que instituições sem função social definida tendem a desaparecer, o que explica o declínio progressivo desse tipo de equipamento urbano.
  5. E) resulta de uma adaptação institucional ao argumento que ainda se sustenta publicamente, o que não implica falsidade da defesa atual nem intenção de enganar.
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Resposta correta: E

O autor recusa explicitamente a hipótese de má-fé: "I do not think this is cynicism; institutions rarely lie so deliberately. They simply notice which justification is still standing and lean on it." E acrescenta que "the newest defence may be true". Por isso não se sustenta a leitura de manipulação deliberada, nem a de que a conservação seria mera retórica — o texto a descreve como "a serious argument seriously pursued by serious people" e admite que algumas espécies só persistem graças aos recintos. O incômodo apontado está na coexistência dos dois fatos, resumida em "paying admission to a contradiction nobody has resolved".

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