Farms: particípio perfeito em oração reduzida (C1)
___ for decades as a matter of national security, agricultural subsidy is now defended in an entirely different vocabulary. The original argument was memorably simple: a country that cannot feed itself cannot negotiate freely, and the memory of wartime shortage was recent enough to end the discussion. Once surpluses became chronic, that justification lost its force, and the payments were rewritten around landscape, biodiversity and rural employment. The new language has not changed the distribution of the money, which still flows overwhelmingly to the largest holdings, because area remains the simplest thing to measure. Reformers propose paying for outcomes instead: hedgerow restored, carbon retained, water leaving the farm cleaner than it arrived. The obstacle is administrative rather than ideological, since outcomes are expensive to verify and easy to dispute, while hectares are not. Agricultural policy thus illustrates a general law of public spending: the criterion that survives is not the one that is right but the one that can be audited.
Fonte: English for ALL (texto original).
Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna do texto.
- A) Having been justified
- B) Having justified
- C) Been justified
- D) Have been justified
- E) Having being justified