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Snakes: inversão após advérbio negativo (C1)

Few creatures have provoked so contradictory a response as the snake. In some traditions it guards wisdom and renewal; in others it is the emblem of treachery. Rarely ___ so thoroughly by a single animal as it has been by this one, and the consequences are not merely symbolic. Conservationists working in rural districts report that most of the snakes killed on sight belong to harmless species, mistaken for the two or three that are genuinely dangerous. The cost is ecological: rodent populations expand, stored grain is lost, and the very communities that feared the snake pay for its absence. Public health campaigns have begun to argue that education about identification saves more lives than eradication ever did, since antivenom supply, rather than the animal itself, determines mortality in most regions. The lesson is uncomfortable. What threatens people is seldom the creature they picture, and policy built on inherited fear tends to produce precisely the scarcity it was meant to prevent.

Fonte: English for ALL (texto original).

Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna do texto.

  1. A) the popular imagination has been shaped
  2. B) has the popular imagination been shaped
  3. C) have the popular imagination been shaped
  4. D) has been the popular imagination shaped
  5. E) the popular imagination had been shaped
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Resposta correta: B

Quando um advérbio de sentido negativo ou restritivo como "rarely" abre a oração, o inglês formal exige inversão sujeito-auxiliar: auxiliar + sujeito + restante do verbo. A ordem correta é, portanto, "has the popular imagination been shaped". As opções com ordem direta ("the popular imagination has been shaped" e "the popular imagination had been shaped") ignoram a inversão obrigatória depois do advérbio fronteado. A forma "have" viola a concordância com o sujeito singular, e "has been the popular imagination shaped" desloca o particípio para depois do sujeito, o que não existe em inglês.

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