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Tea or coffee: clivada com it was not until... that (C1)

The choice between tea and coffee looks like temperament and is mostly history. Both arrived in Europe as expensive curiosities, both were denounced as dangerous by physicians, and both were rescued by economics rather than taste. ___ the East India Company began shipping tea in quantity that its price fell far enough to displace beer at the British breakfast table, and the shift was underwritten by a plantation system in Assam and a trade in opium that paid for it. Coffee followed a parallel route through Caribbean and Brazilian plantations built on enslaved labour. What survives of that history in the modern cup is a set of preferences that feel personal and are in fact geographical: the map of tea and coffee drinking still traces the shipping routes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with uncomfortable precision. Certification schemes now attempt to attach an ethical account to each purchase, though the premium reaching the grower remains small enough to be disputed.

Fonte: English for ALL (texto original).

Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna do texto.

  1. A) It was until
  2. B) It was not until
  3. C) Not until it was
  4. D) It was not until when
  5. E) It has not been until
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Resposta correta: B

A clivada temporal negativa segue o molde fixo "it was not until + marco temporal + that", e o "that" já presente no texto confirma a estrutura. Sem a negação, como em "It was until", a frase perde sentido e deixa de formar uma clivada aceitável em inglês. "Not until it was" desloca o sujeito expletivo e produz uma sequência incoerente com o restante do período. "It was not until when" acrescenta um advérbio interrogativo indevido, e "It has not been until" introduz um present perfect incompatível com a narrativa integralmente situada no passado.

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