144 exercícios originais de gramática em contexto. Cada um traz um texto curto com lacuna, cinco alternativas e a explicação da regra em português.
Coleção autoral — separada do banco de questões de provas do ENEM e vestibulares.
Whales are the largest animals that have ever lived on Earth, bigger even than the dinosaurs. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, industrial fleets hunted them for oil and meat until several species almost disappeared. In 1986 most countries agreed …
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Everybody calls the lion the king of the jungle, although the animal does not live in jungles at all: it prefers open grassland. Another popular idea is also wrong. Lions do not usually hunt alone, ___? Most of the work is done by groups of females that cooper…
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A library is one of the last public spaces ___ you can stay for several hours without spending any money. That simple fact makes it much more than a room full of books. Modern libraries lend films and musical instruments, offer free internet, run reading clubs…
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Cheese was probably invented by accident, when milk was transported in bags made from animal stomachs. For thousands of years it ___ be simply a practical solution: a way of keeping the energy of milk for months without a refrigerator. Today it is a gastronomi…
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Water plants do much more than decorate a lake. Their roots hold the soil, their leaves give shade to fish, and many species absorb metals and other pollutants from the water. Engineers have copied this idea and built artificial wetlands that clean waste water…
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Parrots are among the few animals that can copy human speech, and some of them clearly connect words with situations. In the wild they live in noisy groups and fly many kilometres every day, so a bird alone in a small cage quickly becomes stressed and starts p…
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A farm is not only a place where food is produced; it is also a landscape, a business and often a home. Some European families ___ the same land since the eighteenth century, and their grandchildren still live in the old house. Modern agriculture, however, has…
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Teeth are covered by enamel, the hardest material our body produces, but enamel cannot repair itself. Bacteria in the mouth transform sugar into acid, and that acid slowly opens tiny holes. Brushing twice a day helps, although dentists insist that cleaning bet…
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Tea and coffee are the two most popular drinks in the world after water, and each one has created an enormous industry. Coffee ___ in more than seventy countries by millions of small farmers, and Brazil produces about a third of the global harvest. Tea travell…
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Living with an animal changes daily routines. Studies in several countries suggest that people who have a pet visit the doctor less often and feel less lonely, especially after retirement. Dogs, ___ were domesticated more than fifteen thousand years ago, read …
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Choosing a pet is a decision for the next ten or fifteen years, not for a weekend. Before buying an animal, a family should think honestly about space, money and time. A dog needs company and long walks; if you ___ time for that, it is not a good choice. Cats …
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Every January thousands of people decide ___ a gym, buy new shoes and change their life. Six weeks later, most of them have stopped going. Experts say the problem is not laziness: it is the size of the promise. Someone who starts with three hours of hard train…
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Football is the most popular sport on the planet, ___? Almost every country has a national team, and millions of children play in the street with a cheap plastic ball. The rules are simple, the equipment costs almost nothing, and a match can happen anywhere. P…
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The giant panda spends up to fourteen hours a day eating bamboo, a plant with very little energy. Because its digestive system is closer to a carnivore's, the animal must eat enormous quantities simply to stay alive. Chinese reserves have connected separate ar…
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For most of human history, cities were the exception. Fifty years ago the majority of the population ___ in villages and small towns, working directly with the land. Today more than half of humanity lives in urban areas, and that number keeps growing. Big citi…
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Every year the world produces more than fifty million tonnes of electronic waste. Old computers contain gold, copper and other valuable metals, but they also contain lead and mercury, which are extremely toxic. Rich countries have sent millions of broken machi…
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___ tropical forests cover only a small part of the planet, they contain more than half of all known species of plants and animals. Scientists still describe new insects, frogs and trees every month, and many medicines come from substances first found under th…
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A helicopter can do something no aeroplane can: it can stay in the air above a single point. The first practical machine ___ in the late 1930s, and since then helicopters have saved thousands of lives. They rescue climbers from mountains, carry patients to hos…
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Crocodiles have existed for more than two hundred million years, and their design has hardly changed. People usually see them as monsters, but they play an essential role in rivers and lakes. They eat sick fish, dig holes that keep water during the dry season …
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The Moon looks peaceful in the night sky, but it is a hostile world. There is no air around it, so sound ___ travel from one place to another: an astronaut can shout as loudly as he wants and nobody will hear him. Temperatures change from about 120 degrees dur…
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Bats have a bad reputation in films, but they are extremely useful animals. A single small bat can eat thousands of insects in one night, including mosquitoes that carry diseases. In tropical regions, larger species pollinate flowers and spread the seeds of im…
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Dolphins are famous for their intelligence, but people often forget how complex their social life is. They live in groups, help injured members and seem to enjoy ___ with objects they find in the water. Researchers have recorded hundreds of different whistles,…
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Modern zoos ___ enormously since the 1980s. Fifty years ago, most animals lived in small concrete cages with iron bars, and visitors came only to look at them. Today many zoos work as conservation centres: they protect species that have almost disappeared in t…
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Snakes are often misunderstood animals. In many countries they ___ as dangerous enemies, and people kill them on sight. In reality, only a small number of species are really harmful to humans. Snakes control the population of rats and mice, so farmers who prot…
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