144 exercícios originais de gramática em contexto. Cada um traz um texto curto com lacuna, cinco alternativas e a explicação da regra em português.
Coleção autoral — separada do banco de questões de provas do ENEM e vestibulares.
The recovery of the great whales is usually presented as the environmental movement's clearest victory, and in one sense it is. Humpback numbers in several ocean basins have returned to something approaching their pre-industrial range, and the moratorium that …
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___ of the corridors that once linked their territories, lion populations across West and Central Africa have contracted into isolated remnants, several of them too small to remain genetically viable for more than a few generations. The immediate causes are un…
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The public library is the least fashionable and most durable of civic institutions. It survived the paperback, the internet and successive rounds of austerity, and it did so by quietly changing what it is for. Circulation of physical books has fallen; use of t…
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Protected designations of origin were designed to defend small producers and have become, in places, an instrument of exclusion. The intention was defensible. A name built over generations has commercial value, and without legal protection that value is captur…
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Aquatic plants are the quiet agents of freshwater ecology. They oxygenate, they stabilise sediment, they shelter invertebrates and they compete with the algae that turn a lake opaque. They are also, in the wrong basin, among the most destructive invaders on re…
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Parrots present the law with a problem no other companion animal poses so acutely. The ___ of the larger species is extraordinary: macaws and cockatoos routinely live fifty years and occasionally reach eighty, which means the bird acquired by a young adult wil…
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___ for decades as a matter of national security, agricultural subsidy is now defended in an entirely different vocabulary. The original argument was memorably simple: a country that cannot feed itself cannot negotiate freely, and the memory of wartime shortag…
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Few public health measures have been as effective or as unpopular as the fluoridation of drinking water. The evidence accumulated since the 1940s is consistent: at concentrations around one part per million, decay rates fall substantially, and the benefit is l…
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The choice between tea and coffee looks like temperament and is mostly history. Both arrived in Europe as expensive curiosities, both were denounced as dangerous by physicians, and both were rescued by economics rather than taste. ___ the East India Company be…
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The relationship between people and domestic animals has been reorganised twice in a century. Animals that were once working property became companions, and companions have lately become dependants with something close to a legal identity. Courts in several ju…
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Shelters describe a predictable annual cycle. Adoptions rise sharply in December and returns rise in February, and the animals returned are overwhelmingly those acquired on a weekend visit, in the company of children, from a room in which forty others were als…
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The professionalisation of sport is usually told as a story of money, but it is better understood as a story of measurement. Once performance could be recorded, compared and ranked across distances and decades, the amateur ideal lost its footing: an activity w…
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Football's peculiar power is that it organises loyalty around something with no obvious content. A club is not a set of players, who change every few seasons; nor a stadium, which can be demolished; nor a set of colours, which can be sold. It is a continuity t…
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No animal has been asked to carry a heavier symbolic load than the giant panda. It is the emblem of an international conservation movement, the star exhibit of a dozen zoos, and an instrument of statecraft: for decades the loan of a breeding pair has marked a …
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For most of the twentieth century, the direction of urban policy was outward. Density was diagnosed as the source of disease, disorder and unrest, and the remedy was space: wide roads, separated functions, a lawn between every household and its neighbour. The …
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Every generation has described the computer in the vocabulary of its anxieties: first a brain, then a bureaucracy, now an oracle. The metaphors matter, because they determine which failures we notice. When the machine was understood as a calculator, its errors…
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The word jungle carries a history that the word forest does not. It arrived in English through colonial administration and it described land that was uncultivated, impenetrable and therefore, in the logic of the period, unused. That description had consequence…
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The helicopter is a machine of exceptions. It lands where nothing else can, and for that reason it is trusted with the work that tolerates least error: mountain rescue, offshore transfer, organ delivery, the evacuation of casualties from ground no ambulance wi…
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___ as vermin for most of the twentieth century, crocodiles were shot on sight across northern Australia and much of southern Africa. Their recovery is one of the few unambiguous successes in vertebrate conservation, and it was achieved by an argument that man…
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The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 declares that celestial bodies are not subject to national appropriation. It says nothing definite about extraction. ___ this ambiguity, several states have passed domestic legislation granting their companies title to material t…
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Bats have long been the beneficiaries of indifference. Nocturnal, unglamorous and difficult to count, they attracted little popular attention and correspondingly little persecution. That changed when virologists began tracing several emerging pathogens to bat …
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Dolphins occupy an awkward position in environmental ethics. Their brains are large, their social bonds durable, and their capacity for individual recognition well documented; captive animals learn arbitrary symbols and appear to grieve. On the strength of suc…
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The modern zoo lives with a contradiction it did not invent. It began as a display of imperial reach, a cabinet of captured territories arranged for the pleasure of the metropolis, and it has spent the past half-century trying to become something else: a labor…
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Few creatures have provoked so contradictory a response as the snake. In some traditions it guards wisdom and renewal; in others it is the emblem of treachery. Rarely ___ so thoroughly by a single animal as it has been by this one, and the consequences are not…
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